A, oxidized and activated pyrite
The separation of pyrite and chalcopyrite is often difficult due to oxidation of pyrite or activation by copper ions, and is particularly difficult for open pit mining. In the copper- molybdenum mixed flotation, in order to inhibit oxidized and activated pyrite, an appropriate amount of sodium sulfide is usually added to reduce the oxidized surface of the pyrite and desorb excess copper ions on the surface of the pyrite. Long-term slurry aeration can reduce the activity of pyrite during copper-molybdenum flotation, and can separate pyrite from gypsum . Most of the fine muds obtained from the separation of coarse sand and fine mud are oxidized pyrite and acoustic fine mud. Different pharmaceutical systems can be used for the separation of coarse sand and fine mud.
Separating excess pyrite from chalcopyrite and molybdenum ore, first concentrating the slurry containing pyrite and chalcopyrite (micro molybdenite), adding lime to the high-concentration pulp to keep the pH above 12 Stir for 1.5 to 2.0 hours to obtain good separation between pyrite and chalcopyrite. If necessary, it is also possible to supplement inhibitors that strongly inhibit pyrite, such as cyanide.
First with a strong collector performance collector, pyrite, chalcopyrite and molybdenite with the collector, followed by re-grinding, stirring for long lime separated pyrite chalcopyrite approach is also effective of.
2. Various copper sulfides in copper-molybdenum ore
In most porphyry copper deposits, the acoustic copper mineral is chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2 ). However, secondary copper sulfide is often formed due to strong alteration and oxidation, such as chalcopyrite (Cu 2 S), copper ore (Cu 4 FeS), and copper blue (CuS). In the oxidation zone of the copper-molybdenum deposit, the iron content is unchanged. However, when groundwater transports copper ions, copper ions react rapidly with chalcopyrite and pyrite to form secondary copper minerals.
Changes in copper minerals in the ore usually affect flotation rates, copper recovery, and copper concentrate grades. The higher the secondary copper mineral content in the ore, the higher the copper concentrate grade, but the higher secondary copper mineral content often leads to high copper content in the molybdenum concentrate, which consumes a large amount of inhibitors to reduce the copper content of the molybdenum concentrate to 0.3. % or less than 0.5%.
There are various types of molybdenum ore and copper molybdenum ore, especially the mineral composition, ore grade, oxidation degree and crystal grain size, which affect the flotation results of copper and molybdenum minerals. It is often necessary to select the best grinding process and equipment based on these changes. Different types of ore have different grindability. The main purpose of grinding is to dissociate copper and molybdenum minerals from gangue minerals. The quality of the flotation depends mainly on the size of the mineral particles. For sulfide minerals, the optimum particle size range is 10 to 75 μm. Above and below this particle size range, the floatability of sulfide minerals decreases. In the grinding process, the mill's production capacity, grinding size, dissociation characteristics and floatability in the coarse particles are mainly studied.
The proportion of undissociated continuous body particles determines the level of recovery. The same size of the continuous body particles, the surface of the particles have different valence mineral content, and the flotation speed is also different. The rate of flotation of the poor organisms is low, and the particles are regrind when there are many particles. The grinding characteristics of different ores are as follows:
1. Grinding a relatively soft weathered ore will produce a large amount of secondary slime;
2. Grinding a relatively hard ore requires a large amount of power (20 kW·h/t for hard ore and 10 kW·h/t for hard work) to obtain sufficient dissociation;
3. The vulcanized minerals of copper, molybdenum and iron have different grindability, and the distribution of the three in flotation and ore is also different.
Grinding media also have a certain impact on the flotation of copper and copper molybdenum ore. Because when dealing with copper or iron sulfide ore:
(1) causing a corrosion current between the copper sulfide mineral and the iron mineral, causing electrochemical alteration of the mineral surface;
(2) Particle size rupture occurs in the cross section of the ore particles and produces a large amount of fine mud.
Although full self-grinding can overcome these two problems, not all types of ore are suitable for full self-grinding. Many scholars have studied the effects of grinding balls or steel bars (in steel-lined ball mills ) on grinding ore and total self-grinding on flotation. The three years of the Etek plant show that the copper recovery rate can be increased by 2% and the molybdenum recovery rate is also slightly improved when the self-grinding flotation copper-molybdenum ore is used.
Changes in the mineral composition of the ore affect the choice of the optimum agent addition rate. So far, the research on the relationship between the concentration of the necessary agent in the slurry and the adsorption of the collector on the mineral surface is not deep enough.
Some studies have confirmed that the change in the rate of addition of xanthate has an important influence on the separation of chalcopyrite and pyrite. The addition rate of xanthate affects the flotation rate of different sizes of chalcopyrite and pyrite. Continuously controlling the rate of addition has a good influence on the separation of chalcopyrite and pyrite. Hal and other studies have shown that the flotation rate of pyrite with a maximum dissociation of -37μm is independent of the rate of addition of the collector, and the relationship between the floating velocity of the +37μm chalcopyrite-pyrite ore and the addition rate of xanthate Very close. Varga separation plant chalcopyrite mineral pyrite by adding xanthate in different speed control.
The Balkhash concentrator in Halkstein uses automatic pH control to separate copper and molybdenum. The recovery rates of both copper and molybdenum minerals are increased, and the consumption of lime is reduced.
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