Laser cutting technology overview and laser cutting accuracy

The laser beam is focused to a very small spot with a minimum diameter of less than 0.1 mm so that a very high power density at the focal point can exceed 106 W/cm2. At this time, the input of the beam (converted by light energy) far exceeds the amount of heat that is reflected, transmitted, or diffused by the material. The material is quickly heated to the vaporization humidity and evaporated to form a hole. With the relative linear movement of the light beam and the material, the holes are continuously formed into slits having a narrow width (for example, about 0.1 mm). The thermal effect of trimming is very small and there is basically no deformation of the workpiece. An auxiliary gas suitable for the material to be cut is also added during the cutting process. When the steel is cut, oxygen is used as an auxiliary gas to generate an exothermic chemical reaction oxidizing material with the molten metal, and at the same time, the slag in the kerf is blown away. Cutting polypropylene uses compressed air as a type of plastic, and inert gases such as cotton, paper and other combustible materials. The auxiliary gas entering the nozzle also cools the focusing lens, preventing soot from entering the lens holder and contaminating the lens and causing the lens to overheat.

Most organic and inorganic laser cutting can be used. In the metal processing industry in which industrial manufacturing occupies a heavy weight, many metal materials, regardless of their hardness, can be shaped without distortion. (The current state-of-the-art laser cutting system can be used to cut the thickness of industrial steels. 20mm). Of course, for highly reflective materials such as gold, silver, copper, and aluminum alloys, they are also good heat conductors, so laser cutting is difficult or even impossible to cut (some difficult-to-cut materials can be cut using a pulsed laser beam, Due to the extremely high peak power of the pulse wave, the absorption coefficient of the material to the beam can be sharply increased instantaneously.

Laser cutting without burrs, wrinkles, high precision, better than plasma cutting. For many electromechanical manufacturing industries, the modern laser cutting system of the microcomputer program can easily cut workpieces of different shapes and sizes (workpiece drawings can also be modified). It is often preferred over punching and molding processes; despite its processing speed Slower than mold punch, but it does not consume the mold, no need to repair the mold, but also save the time to replace the mold, thus saving processing costs and reduce product costs, so overall it is more economical.

On the other hand, from the viewpoint of how to adapt the mold to the dimension of the workpiece design and shape change, laser cutting can also exert its advantages of precision and reproducibility. As a priority manufacturing method of the laminated mold, since an advanced mold maker is not required, the laser cutting operation cost is also not expensive, and thus the mold manufacturing cost can be significantly reduced. The added benefit of the laser cutting tool is that the cutting edge of the tool creates a shallow hardened layer (heat affected zone) that increases wear resistance during mold operation. The non-contact nature of laser cutting brings stress-free advantages to circular saw blade cutting, thereby increasing the service life.

Laser cutting of commonly used engineering materials

1. Laser cutting of metal materials

Although almost all metallic materials have high reflectivity to infrared wave energy at room temperature, lamp-pumped ND:YAG lasers and 10.6 μm CO2 lasers emitting light beams in the far-infrared band of 1.064 μm are still successfully used for laser cutting of many metals. practice

2. Laser Cutting of Non-Metallic Materials The CO2 laser beam at a wavelength of 10.6 μm is easily absorbed by non-metallic materials. The poor thermal conductivity and low evaporation temperature make the absorbed beam almost entirely within the input material and instantaneous vaporization at the spot irradiation. The formation of the initial hole into the benign cycle of the cutting process.

Laser cutting accuracy



The precision of laser cutting consists of many factors:

1, the size of the laser beam through the focused spot

The smaller the laser beam is, the smaller the spot size is, and the higher the cutting accuracy, especially the smaller the slit, the smallest spot can reach 0.01mm.

2, the positioning accuracy of the table determines the cutting accuracy

The higher the table accuracy, the higher the cutting accuracy.

3, the greater the workpiece thickness, the lower the precision, the greater the kerf.

Since the laser beam is tapered, the slit is also tapered, and the thickness of the stainless steel of 0.3 mm is much smaller than the slit of 2 mm.

4. The workpiece material has a certain influence on the laser cutting accuracy.

In the same situation, stainless steel has higher cutting accuracy than aluminum and has a smoother cut surface.

The cutting quality of the laser cutting machine is good. Narrow incision width (usually 0.1--0.5mm), high precision (normal hole center distance error 0.1--0.4mm, contour size error 0.1--0.5mm), incision surface roughness (usually Ra is 12.5--25μm ), slits generally do not need to be processed to weld.

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