Non-ferrous scrap metal is a measure of resources is of great significance to the national economy, because this measure for the rational allocation of investment in infrastructure, renewable structure and distribution of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, linkages between sectors and non-ferrous metal scrap utilization efficiency are greatly influences.
Among the total amount of waste non-ferrous metals resources, commodity resources account for about 30%. The main part of the recycled raw materials (returned waste) is processed directly in the waste producing enterprise. It is most reasonable to maximize the processing waste in the field.
There are many difficulties in measuring the total amount of resources, the amount of resources, and the amount of returned resources. This is because waste non-ferrous metals are produced in a large number of enterprises. In addition, the statistics on the amount and utilization of recycled raw materials are not accurate enough. Accurate statistics can provide reliable data for measuring waste non-ferrous metal resources.
The calculation of the amount of waste non-ferrous metal commodity resources is carried out at different stages of the formulation of the various levels (enterprise, sector, and national economy) (the plan for the current year, the planning for the vision, and the forecasting phase).
The prediction of the amount of waste non-ferrous metals produced when planning at various levels can be implemented according to the proposed rate of change in non-ferrous metals consumption or by expert assessment.
The estimation of the amount of waste non-ferrous metals produced in the entire national economy can be determined by using the relevant method. This method can be used to determine the total amount of non-ferrous metals and the amount of non-ferrous metals between non-ferrous metal consumption and waste production (it indicates that it is included in production supplies and consumer goods for a certain period of time). The relationship between the amount of non-ferrous metals and the amount of waste recovered. The regression line for these indicators is approximated by a straight line and can be expressed as:
y=ax+b (2)
Where y-commercial waste and waste calculations (tonnes); x - non-ferrous metal consumption used to calculate waste production and total amount of non-ferrous metals (tonnes) used to calculate waste recovery; a, b -Regression coefficients.
In the development of the current year plan and the five-year vision planning stage of enterprises and departments, the balance method is generally adopted. The method used in this way requires that the total amount of non-ferrous metals contained in the raw materials, materials or semi-finished products consumed in the production process should be equal to the total amount of non-ferrous metals contained in the finished product, waste and irreparable losses. When measuring resources, the amount of depreciated waste and the amount of production waste should be calculated separately. The number of depreciated scraps depends on the number of tangible and intangible aging equipment that is planned to be scrapped, and also on the number of individual parts that are replaced during scheduled maintenance and routine maintenance. The amount of production waste is calculated based on the amount of non-ferrous metals and alloys processed according to the approved production plan and the current quota generated by the waste.
The All-Su Renewable Non-Ferrous Metals Scientific Research and Design Institute has developed a method for measuring the amount of scrap and scrap of non-ferrous metal products based on the following related relationships during the formulation of the current year's plan and the long-term planning stage:
Where Q-commodity waste and scrap quantity; лi-planned demand for non-ferrous metals and non-ferrous materials in enterprises, departments; content of non-ferrous metals in materials consumed by Ci-(%); Ki - the amount of waste generated (units); i- the quantity of non-ferrous metal consumables (i = 1, 2, 3..., n) containing the amount of resources to be calculated; M j - the overhaul of equipment and departmental maintenance Planned demand for non-ferrous metals and materials containing ferrous metals (tonnes); C j - quantity of color metals contained in materials used for maintenance (%); K и - utilization factor for maintenance-containing materials for ferrous materials (units) number); K п - during use of fixed assets nonferrous loss coefficient (in parts); J-consumption for the number of non-ferrous metal-containing material maintenance (j = 1,2,3, ..., m ); P l - The amount of non-ferrous metals (tons) in the fixed-capacity fixed-income and mobile capital that are scrapped; l- constitutes the amount of scrapped fixed assets and current assets, (l = 1, 2, 3, ..., γ).
The demand for non-ferrous metals (Î i, Mj) is reflected in the material technology supply plans of various companies and sectors. Q is based on the amount of scrapped fixed assets and current assets, the amount of non-ferrous metals in fixed assets and current assets, and the irreparable loss of non-ferrous metals during the use of fixed assets and current assets. Calculation of non-ferrous metal content (Ci) in consumer materials, including tungsten, cadmium , cobalt , molybdenum , and mercury . The net weight is calculated for the contents of aluminum , magnesium , copper , nickel , tin , lead , titanium , zinc and their alloys.
The amount of commodity resources for the measurement of waste non-ferrous metals must be based on theoretical basis and advanced waste production quotas. The amount of waste generated shall be calculated in accordance with all production processes using non-ferrous metals. According to the design level of technology, process and production organization, this quota should be the limit allowable index of waste production. The structure of non-ferrous metals (smelting alloys, production of rolled materials, cables, machining, etc.) has a decisive influence on the calculation method of the amount of waste generated. [next]
For example, when plating metal, welding, and extracting compounds, this indicator is obtained by the following formula:
In the formula, Ko- scrap production quota (units); H-unit process consumption of non-ferrous metals (ton) Qi T o B -i variety of non-ferrous metals; i-number of non-ferrous scraps (i=1,2,3...,n)
The amount of waste generated in the processing of non-ferrous metals (K M o ) is calculated by:
K M o =(1-K и,M )(1-K M o, л )-K M o, б (5)
In the formula, K и, M - non-ferrous metal utilization coefficient (conversion rate of non-ferrous metal from semi-finished product to finished product) K M o, η - irreversible loss coefficient K M o caused by waste generated during non-ferrous metal processing б - Returns the scrap rate.
The amount of waste generated varies with the development of technology, the perfection of processes and production organizations.
If alloys are produced from waste non-ferrous metals, it is necessary to add primary non-ferrous metals and intermediate alloys to waste materials and scraps in order to produce alloys that meet national or technical requirements. The raw material consumption (H c ) refers to the maximum allowable amount of raw materials for the production of 1 ton of product. When alloys are produced from waste non-ferrous metals, the consumption quota (H л,o ) of waste and scrap is added to the consumption quota (H M , л ) of the primary metal and the intermediate alloy to obtain H c :
H c =H л,c +H M ,л (6)
As the quality of waste and scrap increases and the composition of these waste non-ferrous metals approaches the composition of the alloy produced, the consumption quota of the primary metal and the intermediate alloy will continue to decrease, and the production of the alloy from a single waste non-ferrous metal can be achieved. That is, Hc=H л,o . However, due to the current shortage of waste non-ferrous metals, it is not possible to produce alloys using only waste non-ferrous metals instead of primary non-ferrous metals.
The consumption of recycled raw materials used to produce non-ferrous metals and alloys depends on the recovery of non-ferrous metals in the finished product. Non-ferrous metal recovery refers to the ratio of the weight of non-ferrous metals in the finished product and by-products to the weight of the raw materials and the non-ferrous metals in the product. The recovery rate of non-ferrous metals ε can be expressed by the following formula:
ε=[M г,п /(M c +M и, п )]100% (7)
Where, M г, п - the weight of the non-ferrous metal in the finished product and by-products (tons); M c - the weight of the non-ferrous metals in the raw material (tons); M и, п - the weight of the non-ferrous metals in the product (tons).
The raw material used to produce the alloy consumes a fixed amount of H. Depends on the recovery rate of non-ferrous metals in the finished product:
H c =[(л+O)/ε]+[(M+л u ) /ε] (8)
Where л-waste weight (kg); O-waste weight (kg); M-weight of non-ferrous metal (kg); л u - weight of intermediate alloy (kg); ε-recovery (units) ).
It can be seen from formula (8) that as the recovery rate increases, a major indicator of production efficiency, the raw material consumption quota, will decrease. Improvements in the quality of waste and scrap, reduction of non-ferrous metals with slag, dust and gas losses, reduction of irreparable losses, and processing of waste and semi-finished products from metallurgical production can increase recovery and consume raw materials reduce.
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