Everything you need to know about Velomobiles

In recent years, bicycles and tricycles have become more common, but velomobiles—often referred to as "velocars"—remain a unique and niche form of transportation. While they're not as mainstream as regular bikes, many people are familiar with them. However, it's worth noting that some insurance providers no longer offer coverage for these vehicles, even though they remain a fun and efficient option for those who love them.

What Are Velomobiles?

Velomobiles are essentially a hybrid between a bicycle and a car. They typically have two or three wheels, and the rider sits in either an upright or reclined position. Like traditional bikes, they’re human-powered, meaning the rider provides the energy needed to move forward. But what sets them apart is their enclosed design, which offers protection from the elements and enhances aerodynamics.

This enclosure allows velomobiles to reach higher speeds than standard bikes or trikes, making them ideal for racing or long-distance travel. Some models are even built for speed records, while others are designed for everyday use, offering a thrilling and eco-friendly alternative to motor vehicles.

Who Uses Velomobiles?

Velomobiles appeal to a wide range of riders, from casual enthusiasts to serious cyclists and engineers. Many recumbent bike riders transition to velomobiles because of the comfort and efficiency they offer. These vehicles are also popular among those looking for a sustainable mode of transport or a way to stay active.

They’re often used for recreation, exercise, and even as a replacement for cars in urban settings. Their versatility makes them suitable for various purposes, and with so many customization options, there’s likely a model out there for everyone. Additionally, velomobiles are frequently used in endurance events and efficiency studies, showcasing their potential beyond just leisure.

History of Velomobiles

The concept of velomobiles dates back to the early 20th century. In the 1920s, Charles Mochet created one of the first “bike-cars,” which later became known as velocars. His designs were pedal-powered and featured enclosed bodies, a revolutionary idea at the time. Over the years, he experimented with different configurations, including single, two, and four-seat models.

During the 1970s, the People Powered Vehicle gained attention for its innovative design, featuring a side-by-side seat and a molded plastic body. Although it was heavy and difficult to handle, it inspired future developments in velomobile design. Today, velomobiles remain a passion project for a dedicated community, keeping the legacy of these unique vehicles alive.

Notable Velomobiles on the Market

There are over 30 published velomobile designs, with several models standing out due to their popularity and innovation. These vehicles are produced by a small number of manufacturers, but DIY kits allow enthusiasts to build their own. This hands-on approach has helped keep the velomobile community thriving.

Body-on-Frame

Body-on-frame velomobiles consist of a cycle and an enclosed body. The frame can be a standard bike or a custom-built one, allowing for flexibility in materials like fabric, wood, or carbon fiber. This design also lets users switch between different bodies or remove the shell entirely, depending on their needs.

Alleweder

The Alleweder design, also called monocoque, uses aluminum sheets riveted together to form a single-piece body. This method, originally used in aircraft, is now common in velomobile construction. While it offers durability and a sleek look, it’s more expensive due to the labor involved. Kits are available to make this process more accessible to DIY builders.

Monocoque Shell Made of FRP (Fiber-Reinforced Plastic)

Some velomobiles use FRP for their shells, offering a lightweight and aerodynamic design. Though pricier, this material provides better performance and is favored by speed enthusiasts. Recycling FRP can be challenging, but for many riders, the benefits of a lighter, faster vehicle outweigh the drawbacks.

Power-Assisted Models

Electric velomobiles are becoming increasingly popular, especially for those seeking extra power. One example is the Northern Light 428, which features a hybrid system that stores energy on flat terrain for use when climbing. This innovation highlights how velomobiles are evolving to meet modern needs.

Features to Be Aware Of

When choosing a velomobile, consider your riding style and environment. Features such as wheel configuration, body type, braking systems, and drivetrain all play a role in determining the best fit for you.

Wheel Configurations

Tadpole tricycles (two front wheels, one rear) are popular for stability and ease of use. Four-wheel models offer more space and cargo capacity but sacrifice aerodynamics. Two-wheel designs, often with a retractable parking wheel, are ideal for speed but may feel less stable at low speeds.

Open vs. Closed Bodies

Enclosed velomobiles provide better weather protection and safety, making them ideal for year-round use. Open models, on the other hand, are lighter and more ventilated, perfect for warmer climates or short rides.

Braking Systems

Drum brakes are commonly used for their simplicity and maintenance-free nature, while disc brakes offer better stopping power. Brake lights are essential if you plan to ride on shared roads.

Drivetrain and Gears

Velomobiles use similar drivetrains to bikes, with chainrings, derailleurs, and protective components like chaintubes. This ensures reliability and reduces wear from the elements.

Accessories

While velomobiles are specialized, many accessories from bikes and trikes can be adapted for use. Essential items include helmets, locks, bells, lights, water bottle holders, phone mounts, and mirrors.

Helmet

A helmet is crucial for safety, even in enclosed velomobiles. It should fit snugly and comfortably, and avoid using earbuds while riding to maintain awareness of your surroundings.

Lock

A strong lock is necessary to protect your velomobile from theft. A long chain or U-lock secured to a fixed object is recommended, especially given the vehicle’s unique shape and value.

Bell or Horn

Using a bell or horn helps alert others of your presence, especially in busy areas where visibility might be limited.

Lights

Even if you don’t ride at night, having front and rear lights improves visibility and reduces accident risk. Studies show that lights used during the day can lower accident rates by up to 19%.

Water Bottle Holder

Enclosed velomobiles can get hot, so staying hydrated is important, especially on longer rides.

Phone Mount

A phone mount is useful for navigation, and some models combine it with a water bottle holder for convenience.

Mirrors

Mirrors improve road awareness, especially in crowded areas. They help prevent close calls and increase overall safety.

Where to Ride

In most countries, including the US, velomobiles are treated as bicycles and are allowed on bike lanes, shared paths, and city roads. However, they are not permitted on highways due to their speed and size. When sharing the road, always be cautious, as velomobiles are small and can be hard to see. Using daytime running lights and a safety flag can help increase visibility.

Protecting Your Velomobile

Since velomobiles are rare and valuable, it’s important to take steps to protect them. Always secure your velomobile with a strong lock, even when stored in a garage. Theft is a real concern, and proper security can prevent loss and damage.