On April 18, 2012, Premier Wen Jiabao of the State Council presided over a State Council Executive Meeting to discuss the adoption of the “Energy-saving and New Energy Automotive Industry Development Plan (2012-2020)â€, which clarified that pure electric vehicles are the main strategic direction for the future automotive industry. It is determined that the cumulative production and sales of pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles will reach 500,000 units in 2015, and the production target of over 5 million units in 2020 will be achieved. In the same month, the Ministry of Science and Technology released the “12th Five-Year Plan†for the development of electric vehicle science and technology, and also established a “pure electric-driven†technology transformation strategy; several provinces have formulated the development roadmap of electric vehicles in the province and made it clear that the future 5- 10 years of development goals. The industry generally believes. With the strong support of policies, pure electric vehicles will usher in a wave of development in the next 5-10 years. The occurrence of electric vehicle fires in recent months has cast a shadow on the promotion and application of pure electric vehicles.
First, pure electric vehicles have become the darling of the market. Since the birth of an electric bicycle in the 1980s, electric vehicles, electric vehicles, bicycles, electric tricycles and other electric vehicles have been introduced for low emissions and fuel consumption. The advantages of being few and having good environmental protection have gradually become a necessary means of green development. In particular, the emergence of lithium battery technology, can be described as a stone in the electric car industry to stimulate the waves.
(1) Lithium batteries are the main power source for the development of electric vehicles. The production of lithium batteries does not cause heavy metal pollution that seriously endangers people's health. It is superior to traditional lead-acid batteries and nickel in terms of battery life and environmental effects of production processes. The cadmium battery has emerged a new vitality for the electric vehicle industry, which was once greatly fluctuating due to the central government's efforts to rectify the impact of lead-acid battery companies. Lithium batteries have gradually become the main source of power for the development of electric vehicles, and indirectly promote pure electric vehicles to become the main direction for the development of national new energy vehicles during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period. In April 2012, the Ministry of Science and Technology released the “12th Five-year Plan†for the development of electric vehicle science and technology, and proposed the second phase of the industrialization of electric vehicles (2010-2015) to carry out the innovation of power battery technology focusing on energy-type lithium-ion battery. , To achieve a large-scale industrialization of China's automotive power technology breakthrough.
(b) The safety performance of lithium batteries has been questioned. At the same time, the safety of electric vehicles has also been worrying. The frequent occurrence of lithium battery electric vehicle battery charging in recent months caused people to worry about the safety performance of a pure electric vehicle with a lithium battery as the main power source in the future. According to the Southeastern Network-Strait Metropolis Daily report, on March 21, 2012 in Xianyou County, Fujian Province, a lithium battery electric vehicle battery fire broke out. The relevant authority issued a certificate that “there was a fire caused by the explosion of the lithium battery of Luyuan Electric Vehicleâ€. . On April 11, 2012, a lithium-ion electric vehicle battery explosion occurred at a household in Haidian District, Beijing. In addition, news from Jiangsu Province also reported the explosion of a lithium-electric bicycle in Nanjing earlier this year. The difference from the previous article is that the Nanjing incident occurred during the lithium-electric bicycle's march. In a short period of time, several lithium battery explosions and fires took place one after another, causing the safety performance of lithium batteries to be questioned. In addition, the lithium battery of the electric bicycle is more destructive than the common mobile phone lithium battery due to explosion and fire, and the damage to life and property is also greater.
Lithium-powered bicycles are currently powered by lithium-ion battery packs in series. This lithium-ion battery pack has also been used by most companies as a power battery for pure electric vehicles, providing power for pure electric vehicles.
First of all, the lithium battery operating temperature and other requirements make pure electric vehicles driving under extreme conditions may cause accidents. Because the lithium battery of a pure electric vehicle has a large working current and a large amount of heat, and the inside of the battery pack is a relatively airtight environment, this will cause the temperature to rise during the use of the battery. If the external operating temperature is too high, the battery will be dissipated outward. As a result, the battery operating temperature is too high. At low temperatures, the conductivity of organic electrolytes used in lithium batteries will decrease and the internal resistance of the batteries will increase, affecting the start-up performance of pure electric vehicles. Therefore, the ambient temperature of lithium batteries is not too high or too low, and extreme environments such as high temperature and low temperature are all incentives for accidents in pure electric vehicles with lithium batteries as the main driving force. However, with the strong support of the national new energy vehicles, especially the pure electric vehicle policy, local government agencies and companies around the world have accelerated the development and promotion of different models of pure electric vehicles in recent years, and generally will not exceed two years from development to use. In addition, according to the current situation of new vehicles announced by pure electric vehicle companies, most of the tests performed before the introduction of new vehicles are completed under relatively ideal conditions, and lack of tests on the performance of different power batteries in extreme environments and long-term driving conditions. Whether this kind of vehicle adapts to the low temperature in the north and the long-time driving in the high temperature conditions in the summer in the south has not been confirmed by sufficient data. In addition, whether the battery will explode when subjected to collisions of various degrees and angles, and when traveling under conditions of high humidity, high temperatures, strong winds, etc., also lacks sufficient test data. This poses a greater safety risk for drivers who drive pure electric vehicles in extreme environments.
Secondly, the improper use of lithium batteries exploded to affect the promotion of pure electric vehicles. One is that overcharge, overdischarge, and large current charge and discharge can easily cause battery damage or explosion. Current scientific experiments have concluded that deep charge and discharge will lead to serious damage to the battery performance, reduce the battery's service life, and in extreme cases cause explosions and other extreme situations. The use of high-current charge and discharge will exert excessive pressure on the battery, and may also cause extreme situations such as explosion. If pure electric vehicles really go into families in the future, the scale of charging facilities deployed and built by the state will be difficult to reach the current level of gas stations within the next 5-10 years. Once the pure electric vehicle market is opened, it will be difficult to meet consumer demand and household or community charging. It is an inevitable choice for consumers. This kind of charging mode will inevitably lead to a battery charging explosion accident similar to a lithium battery, and the destructive power of battery explosion of pure electric vehicles and the harm to human life and finance will be greater than that of bicycle batteries. If several such incidents occur consecutively in the initial stage of promotion, consumer acceptance of pure electric vehicles may be significantly reduced. Second, after the lithium battery is used for a long time, the performance will be reduced, and the possibility of accidents such as explosion will increase. In general, lithium batteries have a long service life, and lithium-ion bicycle companies have proposed that their lithium batteries can be used for 6 years. However, if the lithium battery is used for a long time, the battery capacity will decrease, the resistance will increase, the battery consumption will increase, and the safety will be worse than before. Not only will it be difficult to increase sufficient power for pure electric vehicles, but the probability of accidents will increase. If the lithium battery lasts for a long time, it can cause the battery to bulge and cause an explosion. Due to the high cost of lithium batteries in China, it is difficult for the market price to fall to the consumer's ideal range in a relatively short period of time. China has not yet introduced standards and methods prohibiting the use and recycling of life batteries. The society is not concerned about this hidden danger. The battery purchased is more difficult to be easily eliminated by consumers. This will lead to 3-4 years later, that is, when the battery produced in 2009-2010 reaches the end of its useful life, a pure electric vehicle safety accident caused by the battery may occur frequently in a certain period of time. After 3-4 years, it will be a crucial period for the development of the pure electric vehicle market. Concentrated outbreaks of safety accidents will have a serious negative impact on the popularization and promotion of pure electric vehicles. The third is to comprehensively look at the current market of lithium batteries, the relatively mature technology is the single battery, lithium battery packs used in electric vehicles vary widely in technology level, and the overall level is low. At present, the country hopes to promote the centralized charging method and adopt the method of changing the battery or directly charging the power of pure electric vehicles. Corresponding charging equipment is also built in various places. This imposes higher requirements on the technical performance of the battery company's products, that is, the battery must meet the charging standards for the charging equipment. Because the charging equipment built by government departments will charge the battery with a fixed voltage, this fixed voltage may cause some companies to charge the battery with high current, which not only impairs the battery life, but also brings about explosion hazards. At the same time, many current battery companies provide specialized battery packs for pure electric vehicle companies. Pure electric vehicle companies often adopt personalized design to attract consumers. Therefore, there is a big difference in the performance requirements of supporting batteries. The difference reflected in the battery also causes a certain safety hazard for centralized charging. Conversely, the battery replacement method also has the problem that some batteries are difficult to apply to specific models of pure electric vehicles. This problem is not resolved and pure electric vehicles are difficult for consumers to accept.
The development of new energy vehicles based on pure electric vehicles is an important means for China to realize overtaking of the corners of the automobile industry. If the pure electric vehicle industry develops smoothly, it will become a new economic growth point that will sustain steady and rapid economic growth in China, and at the same time it will drive automobiles. The rapid development of related industries and technological progress. However, judging from the current development level of pure electric vehicles, there are serious safety hidden troubles only in the battery link. Under the general trend of rapid development in various regions, such safety hazards are hardly noticed. However, recent incidents of electric vehicle explosions and explosions have fully demonstrated that once a potential safety hazard occurs in a battery, the danger is incalculable. It is necessary to plan ahead and prevent potential electric vehicle accidents that may be caused by battery safety hazards through powerful measures. 5 off."
The first pass, the battery material is off. Lithium batteries are considered to be important power batteries for pure electric vehicles because they are superior to conventional power batteries such as lead-acid batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries. However, the lithium battery itself is not perfect, and there is a certain safety risk due to the influence of the lithium element chemical activity, and the current technology is difficult to completely eradicate. Therefore, we must explore the development of new types of lithium batteries, next-generation power batteries, and fuel cells while optimizing the performance of traditional lithium-ion batteries, and support battery companies and pure electric vehicle manufacturers to form a technology alliance to jointly break through the attributes of battery materials to pure The safety hazards brought about by the development of electric vehicles.
Second off, battery quality is off. Quality is a key factor in the wide acceptance of products by consumers. Especially when the product is in the market cultivation period, the overall quality level directly determines whether the product can quickly open the market. In this period of time, regardless of which kind of product causes negative social impact, the overall image of such products will be in the minds of consumers. Great discount. In particular, there are a large number of companies currently manufacturing batteries for pure electric vehicles, and the levels of technology and technology are uneven, and key technologies such as battery separators, electrolytes, and manufacturing processes have not been able to make breakthrough progress. Related companies must ensure that The quality of the battery at the factory, especially the explosion protection of the battery and the prevention of spontaneous combustion, must be improved. The current conventional protection design must have, and the quality of the battery must be rigorously pursued by the battery manufacturer. If the battery manufacturer increases the battery for a pure electric vehicle of a certain company, and the battery has a serious safety hazard, it is necessary to investigate the responsibility of both parties. Industrial industry management departments shall issue corresponding market access systems, and standardize the production of battery companies through access standards such as technology, technology, and safety. At the same time, the quality inspection department must carry out rigorous inspections on the delivered batteries to prevent them from entering the market.
The third level, battery usage is off. In recent years, the increase in the explosion of lithium battery products has largely been caused by consumers failing to pay attention to the details of the use of lithium battery products and not using lithium battery products correctly. It is recommended that relevant government departments and enterprises should correctly guide consumers in their use of batteries in this regard, introduce relevant rules and regulations, and focus on guiding consumers how to correctly charge and discharge batteries, and how to find out what happened during battery use. It may lead to hidden dangers of safety accidents. At the same time, strict regulations shall be made on the time and environment for battery charging and discharging, and the prohibition on the use and recycling of life batteries.
Fourth off, battery testing is off. Testing is a trend that local government departments and companies have been ignoring under the trend of booming pure electric vehicles in recent years. Due to the lack of adequate test data in various conditions, pure electric vehicle driving, and collisions, many business and local government departments believe that local pure electric vehicles have no problems and are therefore brought to market prematurely. At the same time, it is difficult for the standards-setting department to determine what standards should be adopted for the development of pure electric vehicles, and there are some potential safety hazards in the batteries that are therefore covered up. However, this does not mean that this hidden danger has been eliminated. On the contrary, it is very likely that there will be an outbreak within a certain period of time in the future. Therefore, in the absence of sufficient test data, the promotion of pure electric vehicles should also be delayed. It is recommended that relevant government agencies coordinate the organization of relevant scientific research units, battery manufacturers, and pure electric vehicle manufacturers to jointly perform tests related to pure electric vehicles and batteries.
The fifth pass, the battery standard is off. As pure electric vehicles and supporting power battery industries are still in the incubation period, the strong support of national policies will attract capital to flow into this area, and a large number of companies will flock in, which will inevitably cause the overall technical level and performance standards of the battery product market to be uneven. The country's consideration in the charging of pure electric vehicles requires that the battery must meet certain standards. In addition, standards for the production of battery technology, industry, basic performance, safety, and operation and operation are required. Therefore, it is recommended that relevant departments formulate the battery standard for pure electric vehicles as soon as possible based on the data obtained during the testing of various batteries and the performance requirements of the charging equipment and pure electric vehicles.
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First, pure electric vehicles have become the darling of the market. Since the birth of an electric bicycle in the 1980s, electric vehicles, electric vehicles, bicycles, electric tricycles and other electric vehicles have been introduced for low emissions and fuel consumption. The advantages of being few and having good environmental protection have gradually become a necessary means of green development. In particular, the emergence of lithium battery technology, can be described as a stone in the electric car industry to stimulate the waves.
(1) Lithium batteries are the main power source for the development of electric vehicles. The production of lithium batteries does not cause heavy metal pollution that seriously endangers people's health. It is superior to traditional lead-acid batteries and nickel in terms of battery life and environmental effects of production processes. The cadmium battery has emerged a new vitality for the electric vehicle industry, which was once greatly fluctuating due to the central government's efforts to rectify the impact of lead-acid battery companies. Lithium batteries have gradually become the main source of power for the development of electric vehicles, and indirectly promote pure electric vehicles to become the main direction for the development of national new energy vehicles during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period. In April 2012, the Ministry of Science and Technology released the “12th Five-year Plan†for the development of electric vehicle science and technology, and proposed the second phase of the industrialization of electric vehicles (2010-2015) to carry out the innovation of power battery technology focusing on energy-type lithium-ion battery. , To achieve a large-scale industrialization of China's automotive power technology breakthrough.
(b) The safety performance of lithium batteries has been questioned. At the same time, the safety of electric vehicles has also been worrying. The frequent occurrence of lithium battery electric vehicle battery charging in recent months caused people to worry about the safety performance of a pure electric vehicle with a lithium battery as the main power source in the future. According to the Southeastern Network-Strait Metropolis Daily report, on March 21, 2012 in Xianyou County, Fujian Province, a lithium battery electric vehicle battery fire broke out. The relevant authority issued a certificate that “there was a fire caused by the explosion of the lithium battery of Luyuan Electric Vehicleâ€. . On April 11, 2012, a lithium-ion electric vehicle battery explosion occurred at a household in Haidian District, Beijing. In addition, news from Jiangsu Province also reported the explosion of a lithium-electric bicycle in Nanjing earlier this year. The difference from the previous article is that the Nanjing incident occurred during the lithium-electric bicycle's march. In a short period of time, several lithium battery explosions and fires took place one after another, causing the safety performance of lithium batteries to be questioned. In addition, the lithium battery of the electric bicycle is more destructive than the common mobile phone lithium battery due to explosion and fire, and the damage to life and property is also greater.
Lithium-powered bicycles are currently powered by lithium-ion battery packs in series. This lithium-ion battery pack has also been used by most companies as a power battery for pure electric vehicles, providing power for pure electric vehicles.
First of all, the lithium battery operating temperature and other requirements make pure electric vehicles driving under extreme conditions may cause accidents. Because the lithium battery of a pure electric vehicle has a large working current and a large amount of heat, and the inside of the battery pack is a relatively airtight environment, this will cause the temperature to rise during the use of the battery. If the external operating temperature is too high, the battery will be dissipated outward. As a result, the battery operating temperature is too high. At low temperatures, the conductivity of organic electrolytes used in lithium batteries will decrease and the internal resistance of the batteries will increase, affecting the start-up performance of pure electric vehicles. Therefore, the ambient temperature of lithium batteries is not too high or too low, and extreme environments such as high temperature and low temperature are all incentives for accidents in pure electric vehicles with lithium batteries as the main driving force. However, with the strong support of the national new energy vehicles, especially the pure electric vehicle policy, local government agencies and companies around the world have accelerated the development and promotion of different models of pure electric vehicles in recent years, and generally will not exceed two years from development to use. In addition, according to the current situation of new vehicles announced by pure electric vehicle companies, most of the tests performed before the introduction of new vehicles are completed under relatively ideal conditions, and lack of tests on the performance of different power batteries in extreme environments and long-term driving conditions. Whether this kind of vehicle adapts to the low temperature in the north and the long-time driving in the high temperature conditions in the summer in the south has not been confirmed by sufficient data. In addition, whether the battery will explode when subjected to collisions of various degrees and angles, and when traveling under conditions of high humidity, high temperatures, strong winds, etc., also lacks sufficient test data. This poses a greater safety risk for drivers who drive pure electric vehicles in extreme environments.
Secondly, the improper use of lithium batteries exploded to affect the promotion of pure electric vehicles. One is that overcharge, overdischarge, and large current charge and discharge can easily cause battery damage or explosion. Current scientific experiments have concluded that deep charge and discharge will lead to serious damage to the battery performance, reduce the battery's service life, and in extreme cases cause explosions and other extreme situations. The use of high-current charge and discharge will exert excessive pressure on the battery, and may also cause extreme situations such as explosion. If pure electric vehicles really go into families in the future, the scale of charging facilities deployed and built by the state will be difficult to reach the current level of gas stations within the next 5-10 years. Once the pure electric vehicle market is opened, it will be difficult to meet consumer demand and household or community charging. It is an inevitable choice for consumers. This kind of charging mode will inevitably lead to a battery charging explosion accident similar to a lithium battery, and the destructive power of battery explosion of pure electric vehicles and the harm to human life and finance will be greater than that of bicycle batteries. If several such incidents occur consecutively in the initial stage of promotion, consumer acceptance of pure electric vehicles may be significantly reduced. Second, after the lithium battery is used for a long time, the performance will be reduced, and the possibility of accidents such as explosion will increase. In general, lithium batteries have a long service life, and lithium-ion bicycle companies have proposed that their lithium batteries can be used for 6 years. However, if the lithium battery is used for a long time, the battery capacity will decrease, the resistance will increase, the battery consumption will increase, and the safety will be worse than before. Not only will it be difficult to increase sufficient power for pure electric vehicles, but the probability of accidents will increase. If the lithium battery lasts for a long time, it can cause the battery to bulge and cause an explosion. Due to the high cost of lithium batteries in China, it is difficult for the market price to fall to the consumer's ideal range in a relatively short period of time. China has not yet introduced standards and methods prohibiting the use and recycling of life batteries. The society is not concerned about this hidden danger. The battery purchased is more difficult to be easily eliminated by consumers. This will lead to 3-4 years later, that is, when the battery produced in 2009-2010 reaches the end of its useful life, a pure electric vehicle safety accident caused by the battery may occur frequently in a certain period of time. After 3-4 years, it will be a crucial period for the development of the pure electric vehicle market. Concentrated outbreaks of safety accidents will have a serious negative impact on the popularization and promotion of pure electric vehicles. The third is to comprehensively look at the current market of lithium batteries, the relatively mature technology is the single battery, lithium battery packs used in electric vehicles vary widely in technology level, and the overall level is low. At present, the country hopes to promote the centralized charging method and adopt the method of changing the battery or directly charging the power of pure electric vehicles. Corresponding charging equipment is also built in various places. This imposes higher requirements on the technical performance of the battery company's products, that is, the battery must meet the charging standards for the charging equipment. Because the charging equipment built by government departments will charge the battery with a fixed voltage, this fixed voltage may cause some companies to charge the battery with high current, which not only impairs the battery life, but also brings about explosion hazards. At the same time, many current battery companies provide specialized battery packs for pure electric vehicle companies. Pure electric vehicle companies often adopt personalized design to attract consumers. Therefore, there is a big difference in the performance requirements of supporting batteries. The difference reflected in the battery also causes a certain safety hazard for centralized charging. Conversely, the battery replacement method also has the problem that some batteries are difficult to apply to specific models of pure electric vehicles. This problem is not resolved and pure electric vehicles are difficult for consumers to accept.
The development of new energy vehicles based on pure electric vehicles is an important means for China to realize overtaking of the corners of the automobile industry. If the pure electric vehicle industry develops smoothly, it will become a new economic growth point that will sustain steady and rapid economic growth in China, and at the same time it will drive automobiles. The rapid development of related industries and technological progress. However, judging from the current development level of pure electric vehicles, there are serious safety hidden troubles only in the battery link. Under the general trend of rapid development in various regions, such safety hazards are hardly noticed. However, recent incidents of electric vehicle explosions and explosions have fully demonstrated that once a potential safety hazard occurs in a battery, the danger is incalculable. It is necessary to plan ahead and prevent potential electric vehicle accidents that may be caused by battery safety hazards through powerful measures. 5 off."
The first pass, the battery material is off. Lithium batteries are considered to be important power batteries for pure electric vehicles because they are superior to conventional power batteries such as lead-acid batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries. However, the lithium battery itself is not perfect, and there is a certain safety risk due to the influence of the lithium element chemical activity, and the current technology is difficult to completely eradicate. Therefore, we must explore the development of new types of lithium batteries, next-generation power batteries, and fuel cells while optimizing the performance of traditional lithium-ion batteries, and support battery companies and pure electric vehicle manufacturers to form a technology alliance to jointly break through the attributes of battery materials to pure The safety hazards brought about by the development of electric vehicles.
Second off, battery quality is off. Quality is a key factor in the wide acceptance of products by consumers. Especially when the product is in the market cultivation period, the overall quality level directly determines whether the product can quickly open the market. In this period of time, regardless of which kind of product causes negative social impact, the overall image of such products will be in the minds of consumers. Great discount. In particular, there are a large number of companies currently manufacturing batteries for pure electric vehicles, and the levels of technology and technology are uneven, and key technologies such as battery separators, electrolytes, and manufacturing processes have not been able to make breakthrough progress. Related companies must ensure that The quality of the battery at the factory, especially the explosion protection of the battery and the prevention of spontaneous combustion, must be improved. The current conventional protection design must have, and the quality of the battery must be rigorously pursued by the battery manufacturer. If the battery manufacturer increases the battery for a pure electric vehicle of a certain company, and the battery has a serious safety hazard, it is necessary to investigate the responsibility of both parties. Industrial industry management departments shall issue corresponding market access systems, and standardize the production of battery companies through access standards such as technology, technology, and safety. At the same time, the quality inspection department must carry out rigorous inspections on the delivered batteries to prevent them from entering the market.
The third level, battery usage is off. In recent years, the increase in the explosion of lithium battery products has largely been caused by consumers failing to pay attention to the details of the use of lithium battery products and not using lithium battery products correctly. It is recommended that relevant government departments and enterprises should correctly guide consumers in their use of batteries in this regard, introduce relevant rules and regulations, and focus on guiding consumers how to correctly charge and discharge batteries, and how to find out what happened during battery use. It may lead to hidden dangers of safety accidents. At the same time, strict regulations shall be made on the time and environment for battery charging and discharging, and the prohibition on the use and recycling of life batteries.
Fourth off, battery testing is off. Testing is a trend that local government departments and companies have been ignoring under the trend of booming pure electric vehicles in recent years. Due to the lack of adequate test data in various conditions, pure electric vehicle driving, and collisions, many business and local government departments believe that local pure electric vehicles have no problems and are therefore brought to market prematurely. At the same time, it is difficult for the standards-setting department to determine what standards should be adopted for the development of pure electric vehicles, and there are some potential safety hazards in the batteries that are therefore covered up. However, this does not mean that this hidden danger has been eliminated. On the contrary, it is very likely that there will be an outbreak within a certain period of time in the future. Therefore, in the absence of sufficient test data, the promotion of pure electric vehicles should also be delayed. It is recommended that relevant government agencies coordinate the organization of relevant scientific research units, battery manufacturers, and pure electric vehicle manufacturers to jointly perform tests related to pure electric vehicles and batteries.
The fifth pass, the battery standard is off. As pure electric vehicles and supporting power battery industries are still in the incubation period, the strong support of national policies will attract capital to flow into this area, and a large number of companies will flock in, which will inevitably cause the overall technical level and performance standards of the battery product market to be uneven. The country's consideration in the charging of pure electric vehicles requires that the battery must meet certain standards. In addition, standards for the production of battery technology, industry, basic performance, safety, and operation and operation are required. Therefore, it is recommended that relevant departments formulate the battery standard for pure electric vehicles as soon as possible based on the data obtained during the testing of various batteries and the performance requirements of the charging equipment and pure electric vehicles.
Automotive Electronic Network is a comprehensive portal to provide you with the latest Beidou satellite navigation, GPS navigation, car audio, DVD navigation, driving recorder, parking sensor information and automotive electronics industry resources!
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