[Abstract] This paper discusses the key considerations in setting up water pump rooms, including the choice between separate and centralized pump rooms in building design. In water supply and drainage planning, pump rooms can be located either inside or outside a building, and the decision to establish a separate or centralized system involves various technical and economic factors. Properly designed pump rooms not only enhance building quality but also help reduce capital investment, as well as long-term maintenance and management costs. The paper explores two main scenarios: separate pump rooms and centralized pump rooms, highlighting important issues that need attention during their setup.
In single-building projects, a separate pump room is typically placed at the ground level, which is the most cost-effective option due to shorter pipelines and minimal overall impact. However, pump noise often causes disturbances to residents, leading to complaints. For example, in mixed-use buildings where commercial spaces are on lower floors and residential units above, placing the pump room inside the building may have less impact, especially if the pump operates after business hours. In high-rise buildings, pump rooms can be set in three ways: on the ground, underground, or within the building itself. Each option has its advantages and drawbacks. Ground-level pump rooms require more space and increase construction costs, while underground ones offer better noise control but are more expensive to build. Pump rooms inside the building, when using submersible or silent pumps, can save space but may violate local regulations, such as Shanghai’s “Residential Design Standards,†which advise against placing pump rooms in residential buildings. It is recommended that this rule be revised to "not suitable" rather than "should not," and noise standards should be clearly defined for pump rooms located in residential areas.
For multi-block developments, centralized pump rooms are generally more economical, as they reduce investment and simplify maintenance. According to the "Code for Design of Civil Building Water Fire Extinguishing Systems," the water supply radius should not exceed 150 meters, and the pressure should not be higher than 0.45 MPa. In industrial sites or large residential areas, centralized systems are ideal if the layout allows. In basements, however, the available area for pump rooms is limited by hygiene and safety regulations, such as no sewage pipes inside the pump room and no pollution sources nearby. Underground garages are often the best location for centralized pump rooms due to their spaciousness and fewer obstructions. In high-rise buildings, if basements are not connected, centralized pump rooms may not be feasible due to high-pressure requirements and complex piping. However, if basements are interconnected, centralized systems become more practical and easier to maintain.
In conclusion, the placement of water pump rooms is a critical aspect of water supply and drainage design. During the construction phase, water supply and drainage engineers should be involved from the beginning, considering different scenarios and working closely with other professionals to ensure an efficient and cost-effective solution. By combining technical knowledge with local conditions and utility company requirements, the most suitable pump room configuration can be achieved.
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