The application of CNC machining technology is a technological revolution in machine manufacturing, which has brought the development of machinery manufacturing into a new stage and improved the manufacturing level of machinery manufacturing. Providing high quality, multi-variety and high reliability mechanical products for the society. Because CNC machine tools are widely used in electronic computer, automatic control, servo drive, precision inspection and new mechanical structure, they are characterized by high flexibility, high precision and high automation. Therefore, CNC machining is used to solve mechanical manufacturing. Conventional processing techniques are difficult to solve even single-piece, small-volume, and especially complex-faceted parts that cannot be solved.
First, the characteristics and application range of CNC machining
1. CNC machining features
(1) High processing precision: CNC machine tools are highly integrated mechatronic products. It consists of precision machinery and an automated control system. Therefore, the transmission system of the machine tool and the structure of the machine tool have high rigidity and thermal stability. When the transmission structure is redesigned, measures to reduce the error are taken and compensated by the numerical control device, so the numerical control machine tool has higher machining precision. CNC machine tools are not limited by the complexity of the parts, which is not comparable to ordinary machine tools. Since the CNC machine tool is automatically processed according to the programmed program, the operator's human error is eliminated, the consistency of the processing dimensions of the same batch of parts is improved, the processing quality is stable, and the product qualification rate is high. For parts that require multiple processes, one-time clamping can perform continuous processing in multiple processes, reducing the clamping error and improving the machining accuracy of the parts.
(2) High processing productivity: CNC machine tools have good rigidity and can perform strong cutting, and the fast stroke can be used for rapid travel, saving maneuver and idle travel time. CNC machine tool feed and spindle speed range are large, you can choose the most reasonable cutting amount. Machining parts on CNC machine tools requires low fixtures and requires no complicated adjustments. The CNC machine tools have high repeatability, which greatly shortens the production preparation cycle and saves measurement and inspection time. Therefore, CNC machine tools are much more productive than ordinary machine tools. If the machining center is used, automatic tool change is realized, and the rotary table is automatically changed, so that multiple machining processes can be realized on one machine tool, and the cycle time of the semi-finished products is shortened, and the production efficiency is particularly improved.
(3) Adaptability to the processing object: The control information for automatic machining on the CNC machine tool is the machining program. When the machining object is changed, in addition to the corresponding tool change and the solution clamping method, as long as the machining program of the part is rewritten and input, the new part can be automatically machined without any complicated adjustment of the machine tool, thus shortening the production. The preparation cycle provides a shortcut for the development of new products and the improvement and modification of products.
(4) Reducing labor intensity and improving working conditions: Using CNC machine tools for processing, first, the machining program is programmed according to the drawings, then the program is input, the program is debugged, the parts are clamped for processing, and the machining process is observed and the parts are loaded and unloaded. In addition, there is no need for heavy repetitive manual operations, labor intensity and tension can be greatly reduced, and labor conditions are correspondingly improved.
(5) Good economic benefits: When changing the machining object on the CNC machine, it only needs to rewrite the machining program, and does not need to update the machine tools, tools, fixtures and molds, saving a lot of process equipment costs. Moreover, due to high processing precision, stable quality, reduced scrap rate, reduced production cost, and high productivity, good economic benefits can be obtained.
(6) It is easy to establish a computer communication network: Since CNC machine tools use digital information, they are easy to connect with computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems, forming an integrated system of computer-aided design and manufacturing and CNC machine tools.
(7) Conducive to the modernization of production management: Using CNC machine tool processing, it can accurately calculate the processing time of parts, and effectively simplify the management of inspection, fixtures and semi-finished products, and easily constitute flexible manufacturing system (FMS) and computer integrated manufacturing. System (CIMS).
Although the numerical control machine tool has the above advantages, the initial investment is large, the maintenance cost is high, and the quality of the management and operation personnel is required to be high. Therefore, the numerical control machine tool should be reasonably selected and used to improve the economic efficiency and competitiveness of the enterprise.
2. Application range of CNC machine tools
CNC machine tools are highly automated machine tools, which have many advantages that are not available in general machine tools. Therefore, the application range of CNC machine tools is constantly expanding, but CNC machine tools are highly mechatronic products with high technical content and high cost. Maintenance is difficult, and from the most economical point of view, CNC machine tools are used for processing:
1) Multi-variety small batch parts.
2) Parts with complex structure and high precision requirements.3) Parts that require frequent modifications.
4) Expensively expensive parts that are not allowed to be scrapped.
5) Emergency parts requiring a minimum production cycle.
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